The CEFR was originally published in 2001 and, more recently, in 2020, the Companion Volume to the CEFR (CEFR CV) was published with new and updated scales. However, many practitioners […]

We now live in an age of myriad opportunities to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models (LLMs), in a range of educational contexts. From a […]

We can probably all agree that interactional skills are important to any L2 learner of English but how do you go about identifying interactional competence in L2 speech? And how […]

The development of writing skills constitutes a core component of second language education, yet the assessment of learners’ written production remains a persistent challenge. Providing reliable scores and informative feedback […]